Almost all of these are straight from the vanilla game, with only a few additions by the TR team.

Geographical Terms:
cardruhn - ancestral tomb 
bal – stone
foyada - “fire river”, or the valleys left behind by lava flows
isra - row (geographical) 
molag - fire 
mora - forest 
ouada - river 
sadrith - mushroom 
tel - tower (especially a wizard tower) 
tong - guild 
steampit – what sulfur or mud pits in the Ashlands are commonly called
mucksponge patch – a group of mucksponges
gulakyurt – a gulakhan’s tent.
ashkyurt – an ashkhan’s yurt
yurt -Ashlander tent

Insults and Curse Words:
n’wah – foreigner or slave, usually used as an insult
s’wit – slackwit or fool
fetcher – thief, used commonly by all races in Tamriel
n’chow – damn
b’vehk – literally “By Vivec!”
kwama pile – bullshit
scum – self-explanatory, often used by Ordinators
scuttlehead – dumbass
gold hat – derogatory term for Ordinators
bonehead – derogatory term for guards, based on the bonemold helmets Great House guards wear
Gods’ grief! – literally, “good grief”

Terms of Respect:
sera – sir, not dependent on gender
muthsera – master, to denote respectful humility or debasement. Sometimes used sarcastically
serjo – lord, position of great respect and leadership
kena – teacher, or master, often used for wizards or scholars
sedura – “gentleman”, a title often used for wealthy merchants or landowners
f’lah – fellow, like we sometimes might use mate, man or dude today

Armor Styles
ebony style – term for heavy (plate, etc)
Ashlander style – light armor
Great House style – medium armor
bugbone – bonemold
godsblood – ebony or glass

Social Groups/Jobs
betmer(i) – beast races, includes Khajiit, Argonians, Orcs, Goblins, Imga and Giants.
nemer(i) – “not-mer”, or non-elves
therionauts – river strider operators
netchiman – herder of netches
Houseless – House Dunmer that aren’t part of the Great Houses, not to be confused with Ashlanders
dreugh-jigger – harvest dreugh for armor?
Velothi – Ashlanders preferred to be called this. Can also variably be taken to mean the ancient pre-Tribunal Dunmer (or the architecture thereof) or followers of Saint Veloth
muck farmer – farmer of mucksponges
hetman – village mayor?
-man – I put this here to remind folks, that -man suffixes (oathman, hetman, netchiman, woman, etc) are not translated to -mer suffixes. 

Food and Drink
shein – comberry wine, common and cheap
mazte – made from fermented saltrice, common and cheap (probably similar to sake)
greef – comberry brandy. Local to Morrowind but can be found throughout Tamriel. Somewhat more expensive than mazte or shein
sujamma – considered very potent, one of the mid-range liquors in price
flin – imported Imperial whiskey, very expensive
ashyam – literally a yam, is tough and fibrous
hackle-lo – edible leaves of palm-like shrubs found in the Grazelands.
kwama eggs – the big eggs of kwama, popular throughout the Empire though farmed in Morrowind
marshmerrow – the pulp is sweet, probably similar to sugar cane
saltrice – literally salty rice, common plantation crop of the Dres
scrib jelly – made of crushed scribs, sour-tasting but nutritious and very common food
scuttle – cheese-like and greasy, made from the flesh of beetles, a favorite food in Morrowind
trama root – can be brewed into a bitter-tasting tea
wickwheat – literally wheat, probably is more bitter and has smaller grains than traditional wheat

Misc.
soul sickness – madness, sometimes heresy
t’lonya – baby clothes or baby swaddling
corkbulb – a kind of shrub with huge bulb-like roots, the roots are tough and woody, often cultivated to make arrows and other wood-like objects
muck – a slime made from crushed mucksponge plants, is slightly toxic if not prepared properly; judging by the alchemical properties is of medicinal use rather than a food

Taken from: http://tamriel-rebuilt.org/old_forum/viewtopic.php?t=24385